According to Robert Fiore, vice president of Transportation Coverage Specialist, Inc., in recent months the trucking market has experienced what appears to be the start of a hardening trend. Some major players have increased renewal pricing 15% to 20% and in some instances have nonrenewed May and June accounts. There is also evidence that some insurers are pulling out of the truck market altogether. At the same time, Fiore, whose company is an MGA that provides a trucking program in all but three states, notes that you will still find a handful of insurers that are producing quotes at extremely low prices.
Tony Glotzbach, CPCU, United Brokers Insurance, a New Albany, Indiana, MGA that places trucking-related risks in five states (GA, IN, KY, MO, OH, and TN), observes, "There seems to be a redefining of what insurance companies are targeting as desirable business. They seem to be much clearer about what they want. In addition, it appears that unfavorable loss experience is becoming a greater factor in the overall underwriting process."
Glotzbach hasn't observed a radical jump in pricing and finds insurers still hungry for premium and growth. This view could be linked to the fact that coastal risks tend to bring up more concerns in regard to motor truck cargo going in and out of ports in Florida, New York, and California where United Brokers does not place trucking business.
One topic that both Fiore and Glotzbach agree upon is that the DOT (Department of Transportation) expects the trucking companies to operate safely. The DOT has announced it will take action designed to reduce the fatality rate for commercial crashes by 50% within the next 10 years. They plan to achieve this goal through stronger enforcement, greatly increased penalties for violations, a series of new regulations, and implementation of advanced technology. The head of the Federal Highway Administration, Kenneth Wyke, said, "Those who disregard the safety regulations and endanger the traveling public will feel the full force of federal response."
Recently it was announced that a device will be tested with truckers that will create a "rumble strip" sound if the driver falls asleep and nods off at the wheel. The rumble strips placed on highways ahead of road work and toll booths have proven to reduce accidents.
Fiore said, "Any safety initiative the government takes will have a positive effect on the insurer's bottom line. Due to a recent series of high-profile bus and truck accidents, there is now talk in Congress of legislation to create a separate sub-agency for motor carrier safety or assigning this responsibility to the National Highway Traffic Administration which currently tests vehicles for safety. Proposed legislation for mandatory inclusion of all motor carriers under government safety regulations and minimum insurance requirements would have a major effect on highway safety, lower accident rates, and ultimately increase underwriting profits."
Glotzbach commented that more government may cause some discomfort now, but the end result of better drivers on the highway, increased safety and loss control will improve with the end result being competitive pricing. "It will take some sorting out. However, there seem to be some very positive signs that it is working."
Overall the numbers of carriers that offer various coverages for the trucking risk are on a slight decline. The market is still soft in terms of the cargo and physical damage pricing. Capacity in this niche is abundant, but future investment dollars may be moved elsewhere to take advantage of potential higher returns. The players that remain are adjusting their underwriting requirements. While there is some tightening of underwriting and pricing attitudes, it is not nationwide as of now. Still, the old saying of "Where there is smoke, there is fire" could apply. Other respondents to our survey indicate that it is probably fragmented in geographic regions and doesn't apply to all types of trucking risks across the board.
The following is a listing of markets that responded to our survey. Other sources may exist in both the standard and nonstandard market on a national and regional basis.
Adriatic Insurance Company
3501 N. Causeway Blvd., Ste. 1000
Metaire, LA 70002
Contact: Joseph E. Taylor
Phone: (800) 535-7291
Fax: (504) 832-0605
E-mail: jtaylor@adriaticins.com
Web site: www.adriaticins.com
A surplus lines insurer, A rated, operating in 37 states and the District of Columbia, offering physical damage of $115,000 per vehicle, $150,000 combination, and motor truck cargo of $100,000 per load.
AIG Life Companies (US)
Accident & Health Division
80 Pine St.
New York, NY 10005
Contact: Accident & Health Department
Phone: (800) 416-3797
Fax: (212) 635-9006
E-mail: ah.lifeus@aig.com
Web site: www.aig.com/lifeus
A broker operating in all 50 states providing truckers occupational accident insurance with limits of up to $1 million. Target markets are short-, medium-, and long-haul truckers. Carriers used are all A rated or above.
Baldwin Sadler Corporation
P.O. Box 7012
Audubon, PA 19407
Contact: Robert A. Baldwin, Ext. 101 or Carl R. Sadler, Ext. 102
Phone: (800) 227-9040
Fax: (610) 650-9300
An MGU operating in all states except AK, HI, MA, SC, and WA, providing limits of up to $1 million on trucking and public auto and $5 million on hazardous material (hazmat). Other products include substandard trucking, light trucking, independent owner-operator, bobtail/deadhead liability, motor truck cargo, preferred physical damage, truckers CGL, and truckers workers compensation. Classes not written are chartered buses, non-emergency medical transportation, and regular route buses. Carriers include Greenwich Insurance Company, Indian Harbor Insurance Company, and Gulf Insurance Group (Travelers), all A rated or higher.
Bolton & Company
1045 Starks Bldg.
Louisville, KY 40202
Contact: Jackie Reniert
Phone: (800) 292-6597
Fax: (502) 584-6131
E-mail: gaabolton@aol
Web site: www.boltonmga.com
An MGA operating in IL, IN, KY, OH, TN and WV offering up to $2 million on liability, $175,000 on physical damage per tractor/trailer and $250,000 for motor truck cargo. Target markets include local, medium-, and long-haul risks, no coal trucks. Various A rated carriers are utilized.
Brauer & Associates, Inc.
P.O. Box 20232
Columbus, OH 43220
Contact: Dan Martin
Phone: (800) 695-0934
Fax: (614) 451-8810
E-mail: dan@brauerins.com
An MGA operating in 31 states specializing in inland marine and marine insurance. Limits of up to $250,000 for motor truck cargo are available. Carriers include Great American Insurance Company, GRE Insurance Group, St. Paul Insurance Company, and North American Specialty Insurance Company, all A rated or higher.
Burns & Wilcox, Ltd.
30833 Northwestern Hwy., Ste. 220
Farmington Hills, MI 48334
Contact: Home office for local branch
Phone: (800) 521-1918
Fax: (248) 932-9050
An MGA/E&S broker operating in most states offering up to $1 million on primary and up to $10 million excess liability. Motor truck cargo, property, and physical damage also are available. All classes are considered. Various carriers are utilized.
Carnegie Insurance Services Corporation
17700 Broadway Ave.
Cleveland, OH 44146
Contact: Mark Salsgiver or Alan Rubin
Phone: (800) 362-2411
Fax: (440) 439-5551
E-mail: cisco@stratos.net
An MGA/surplus lines broker operating in FL, IL, IN and OH, offering up to $5 million on liability limits. Motor truck cargo and umbrellas are available for local, intermediate, and long-haul trucking, hazmat, garbage hauler, dump trucks, contractors, public livery, and taxis (Indiana and Ohio only). Carriers include Century Surety Insurance Company, Empire Fire & Marine, Gainsco, and MGA Insurance Company, all A rated.
Central Insurex Agency
800 S. Washington St.
Van Wert, OH 45891
Contact: Kurt Muntzinger, CIC, CPCU
Phone: (800) 736-7131
Fax: (800) 736-7026
E-mail: KurtM@Central-Insurance.com
A general agent operating in Ohio, providing up to $ 5 million in limits for local, intermediate, and long-haul trucking, bobtail/dead heading, fleets and non-fleets, stop gap, and motor truck cargo. The carrier is Northland Insurance Company, A+ rated.
Century Surety Group
2400 Corporate Exchange Dr., Ste. 290
Columbus, OH 43231
Contact: Mike Smith
Phone: (800) 878-7389
Fax: (614) 895-7036
Web site: www.centurysurety.com
An insurer operating in all states except DC, FL, MA, ME, NH, NY, RI, VT and providing limits of up to $1 million on primary and up to $5 million on excess. Target markets include radius up to 750 miles, 25 power units or less, limited physical damage, and motor truck cargo. Hazmat and public livery risks are not written. Century Surety Company and Evergreen National Indemnity are A rated.
Cooney, Rikard, & Curtin, Inc.
P.O. Box 59689
Birmingham, AL 35259
Contact: Tricia Boyce or Karen Thompson
Phone: (800) 824-1709
Fax: (205) 879-3739
E-mail: tboyce@crcins.com
An MGA/E&S broker operating in most states providing $1 million plus in limits. Auto physical damage, motor truck cargo, excess liability, and fidelity also are available. Carriers include Reliance, National Indemnity Scottsdale, International Indemnity, and Empire Fire & Marine.
Crump Insurance Services, Inc.
7557 Rambler Rd., Ste. 350
Dallas, TX 75231
Contact: Greg Baker or Lynn Bucknel
Phone: (800) 522-7867
Web site: www.crumpins.com
An MGA/E&S broker operating in Texas and Oklahoma, providing limits of up to $1 million on primary with umbrella available. Target markets are local, intermediate, and long-haul trucking with no hazmat exposures. Motor truck cargo also is available. Carriers include Scottsdale, National Indemnity, and Colonial Country Mutual, all A rated or better.
Other offices include:
Crump Insurance Services of Memphis, Inc.
P.O. Box 171336
Memphis, TN 38187
Contact: Pam Swanson
Phone: (800) 262-7867
Fax: (901) 684-4029
E-mail: pswanson@crump.brkr.com
Operating in AL, AR, IA, IL, KY, MS, TN, and targeting all classes except medical waste and explosive exposures. Carriers include Canal, Northland, Trumbull, National Indemnity, Scottsdale, Stratford, Fireman's Fund, and Gainsco, all A rated and above.
Crump Insurance Services, Inc.
770 Irvine Center Dr.
Irvine, CA 92618
Contact: Roy O. Thomas
Phone: (949) 753-0575
Fax: (949) 753-1847
Operating in California and targeting public transportation, taxi, paratransit, and non-emergency vehicles, no hazmat.
Crump Insurance Services of Michigan
(Montgomery Collins of Michigan)
30600 Northwestern Hwy., Ste. 102
Farmington Hills, MI 48336
Contact: David Leark, Branch Manager
Richard Frederick, Transportation Manager
Phone: (800) 750-8032
Fax: (248) 626-3552
E-mail: detroit@montgomerycollins.com
Web site: www.montgomerycollins-det.comn
Operating in IL, IN and MI, targeting all trucking operations except hazmat, taxis, and charter buses. Carriers include Diamond State Insurance Company and Empire Fire & Marine, both A rated or above.
Crump Insurance Services, Inc.
188 106th Ave., N.E., Ste. 670
Bellevue, WA 48004
Contact: Mike Milchem
Phone: (800) 221-9628
Fax: (425) 637-1001
Operating in AK, ID, OR, WA, and targeting all trucking risks including some hazardous commodity hauler except explosives. All carriers are A rated or above.
Delaware Valley Underwriting Agency, Inc.
420 S. York Rd.
Hatboro, PA 19040
Contact: Rosemarie Stumpf
Phone: (215) 443-3587
E-mail: stumpf@dvua.com
Deneen Dallago
Phone: (215) 443-3586
E-mail: dallago@dvua.com
Fax: (215) 672-7983
An MGA/E&S broker operating in DE, MD, OH, PA, VA and WV, providing up to $1 million in primary limits and excess liability available. All trucking classes are considered. Carriers include Canal, Great Divide, Gainsco, National Indemnity and Orion Specialty.
Freberg Environmental Insurance
1675 Broadway, Ste. 2210
Denver, CO 80202
Contact: Gayle Watson
Phone: (800) 377-4152
Fax: (303) 623-8108
E-mail: info@feiinsurance.com
Web site: www.feiinsurance
An MGA operating in 23 states providing up to $5 million in limits for general liability on truckmans-NOC only. Target market is hauler of 50% or more of hazardous waste, commodities, or materials. The carrier is A rated Gulf Insurance Company.
Gulf Insurance Group
One Tower Sq. 2PB
Hartford, CT 06183
Contact: Frank Netcoh
Phone: (860) 277-3014
Fax: (860) 277-8609
E-mail: frank_t_netcoh@travelers.com
An insurer operating in all states except AK, AL, DE, FL, HI, LA, MA, MS, RI, and VA, providing limits of up to $2 million. Target markets include small fleets, 1 to 15 units, and long-haul operations of most commodities except hazmat, waste materials, household movers, and time-sensitive products.
Heath Special Risk, Inc.
880 Silby Memorial Hwy.
Mendota Heights, MN 55118
Contact: Charles Bell or Susan Peterson
Phone: (800) 328-1114
Fax: (651) 455-1877
E-mail: hsrinc@worldnet.att.net
Operating in all states, providing limits of up to $1 million for occupational accidental death & dismemberment, coma & paralysis, accidental medical, weekly and continuous disability and passenger accident. Target markets include independent/operators. Capacity available to place coverage on only one driver.
Carrier is A rated or above.
Insurance Innovators Group
P.O. Box 969
Glenside, PA 19038
Contact: Malcolm "Mac" Jacobs
Phone: (800) 523-6422
Fax: (215) 886-2482
Web site: www.iiigroup.com
An MGA operating in DE, MD and PA, offering limits of $1 million. Target markets include local, intermediate, long-haul trucking, bobtail/dead heading, public auto, and fuel oil and gasoline hauler. Carriers include MGA Insurance Company, Jefferson Insurance Company, and Empire Fire & Marine, all A rated or above.
M.D. Jensvold & Company
13105 Northwest Freeway, Ste. 790
Houston, TX 77040
Contact: Teri Brinson
Phone: (800) 635-7406
Fax: (713) 939-0560
E-mail: mdjco1@pdq.net
An MGA operating in Texas, providing liability limits of up to $1 million targeting commercial auto risks except long-haul trucking. Motor truck cargo also is available. The carrier is Southern County Mutual Insurance Company, an A rated carrier.
Market Finders Insurance Group
P.O. Box 65449
Louisville, KY 40206
Contact: Shirley Gordon
Phone: (800) 626-5660
Fax: (502) 426-7970
Web site: www.mfic.com
An MGA/E&S broker operating in IN, KY, OH, PA, SC, TN and WV, providing liability limits of up to $1.5 million. No coal trucking risks are considered. Carriers include Empire Fire & Marine, Essex, Evergreen National Insurance Company, and Stratford, all A rated or above.
Miami Valley Excess & Surplus Agency, Inc.
P.O. Box 29
Miamisburg, OH 45342
Contact: Polly Shrader
Phone: (800) 445-9863
Fax: (888) 438-9834
An MGA operating in KY, OH and WV, offering $1 million and up on liability limits. Target markets include dump trucks, non-trucking liability, tow trucks, and contractors' vehicles. Carriers include Empire Fire & Marine, Century Surety Insurance Group, both A rated or above. Rockwood Casualty, B rated, also is utilized.
Pennock Insurance, Inc.
P.O. Box 29000
Chadds Ford, Pa 19317
Contact: Sandra Piper
Phone: (800) 662-5182
Fax: (610) 358-3449
E-mail: spiper@pennock-ins.net
An MGA/E&S broker operating in DE, NJ and PA, targeting most classes except workers compensation for the trucking industry. Limits vary by risk. Various A rated carriers are utilized.
Premier Transportation Underwriters, Inc.
P.O. Box 33669
Indialantic, FL 32903
Contact: Eddie Williams
Phone: (888) 321-6400
Fax: (407) 726-0586
A wholesale agency operating in most states offering up to $1 million on primary limits and up to $10 million on excess. Most classes are considered except hazardous haulers. Various carriers are utilized including Reliance National and ICW Group, both A rated or above. Some placement is also with Lloyd's.
Prime Insurance Syndicate, Inc.
311 S. Wacker Dr. Ste. 3360
Chicago, IL 60606
Contact: Rick Bjornson
Phone: (800) 456-4576
Fax: (312) 408-8081
Web site: www.primeis.com
An insurer operating in most states providing limits of $1/$2 million on primary and excess on a facultative basis. Motor truck cargo, inland marine, and bobtail/dead heading are available. Most risk is considered except long-haul trucking. Prime Insurance Syndicate, Inc./INEX is B+ rated.
Princeton Risk Managers, Inc.
201 Wall St.
Princeton, NJ 08540
Contact: David Griffith
Phone: (800) 776-0099
Fax: (609) 924-8155
E-mail: ptmtiger@aol.com
An E&S broker operating in CT, NJ, NY and PA, targeting local to long-haul trucking risk. Motor truck cargo and trailer interchange also is offered. Carriers include Greenwich and Indian Harbor, both A rated or above and Gulf Security Indemnity, B++ rated.
Roush Insurance Services, Inc.
P.O. Box 160
Noblesville, In 46061
Contact: Vince Duvall
Phone: (800) 752-8402
Fax: (317) 776-6891
An MGA operating in Illinois and Indiana, offering limits of $1 million on primary, $1.5 million on public auto, and up to $5 million on excess. Local and intermediate trucking risk are the target market but long-haul is considered. Motor truck cargo, public auto, social services, and black car (limo) also are available. Carriers include MGA, Gainsco, National Casualty, Scottsdale, and American Equity, all A rated or above.
Russell Bond & Company, Inc.
295 Main St., Ste. 866
Buffalo, NY 14203
Contact: Jeff Latke, ASLI, Ext.147; Claude Gratoski, ASLI, Ext. 146; Geri Johnson, CPCU, ASLI, CPIW, Ext.144
Phone: (800) 333-7226
Fax: (716) 856-0403
E-mail: info@rbcoins.com
A New-York domiciled MGA offering up to $10 million on umbrella, excess, buffers, and layers. No restrictions on classes. Carriers include various A rated or above companies.
Sagamore Insurance Company
1099 N. Meridian St.
Indianapolis, IN 46204
Contact: Charles Hadley or Ken Galyean
Phone: (800) 224-1221
Fax: (800) 332-9715
An insurer operating AL, CA, GA, IA, IL, IN, MD, NC, NE, OH, OK, TN, VA, WI, and offering up to $1 million on primary and $100,000 on motor truck cargo. Target markets would include local/intermediate trucking risk, owner-operators, and fleets up 10 units. Hazmat haulers are not written. The carrier is A rated.
Seaboard Underwriters, Inc.
P.O. Box 1478
Burlington, NC 27278
Contact: Flip Hogan or Elaine Barrow
Phone: (800) 222-2407
Fax: (336) 229-1324
An MGA operating in 48 states but primarily in the Mid-Atlantic, Southeast, and the Midwest, offering up to $5 million in limits. Target market is 1 to 25 units although any size is considered. Hazmat haulers, trash/refuse, and household movers are not written. Carriers are Intercargo Insurance Company, Frontier Insurance Company, Harco National, Essex/Markel American, Ace/Westchester, and Lloyd's, all A rated.
Specialty Insurance
P.O. Box 448
Brielle, NJ 08730
Contact: Mel Watters
Phone: (800) 836-1400
Fax: (732) 223-4676
An MGA operating in FL, MD, MN, NJ, NY and PA, and offering limits of up to $1 million of liability. Target markets include local and intermediate haulers of general commodities, no long-haul or dump trucks. Carriers are Fairfield Insurance Company, A++ rated and Security Indemnity Insurance Company, B++ rated.
Superior Access Insurance Services
3 Whatney, 2nd Floor
Irvine, CA 92672
Contact: Robert Young
Phone: (800) 272-7550
E-mail: info.SuperiorAccess.com
Web site: www.SuperiorAcess.com
An MGA/E&S broker operating in AZ, CA and NV, offering limits of up to $1 million on primary liability. Tarket markets are service, commercial, and retail classes. Carriers are A rated admitted companies with access to surplus lines markets.
Surplus Insurance Brokers Agency, Inc.
P.O. Box 749
South Bend, IN 46624
Contact: Jean Allen, Ext. 220
Phone (800) 342-5706
Fax: (800) 578-7758
An MGA operating in Indiana, offering limits of up $2 million on liability. Target markets include local, intermediate, long-haul, non-trucking, dump operations, trash haulers, wreckers, fleets and non-fleets. Carriers include Northland, Scottsdale, Trumbull, Guaranty, Essex and Lloyd's all A rated or above.
Swett & Crawford Group/Commercial Transportation
109 S. 7th St., Ste.600
Minneapolis, MN 55402
An MGA offering up to $5 million on primary limits. All Transportation risks are considered. All carriers are A rated or above. The program is offered in all states except Massachusetts and Louisiana. Special coverage includes broad form pollution, non-trucking liability, and hired/non-owned vehicles.
The following is a directory of branch offices with the contact name and the states they service:
Minneapolis, MN
Contact: Mike Theisen
Phone: (612) 334-2060
States: MN, ND, SD and WI
Bellingham, WA
Contact: Ken Robinette
Phone: (360) 671-2898
States: AK, AZ, CA, ID, MT, OR and WA
Boise, ID
Contact: Jerry Pollard
Phone: (208) 376-1161
States: ID, MT, OR and WA
Clearwater, FL
Contact: Karen Terrell
Phone: (727) 536-1006
States: Florida
Cincinnati, OH
Contact: Tim Pettinger
Phone: (513) 762-7626
States: IN, KY, OH, TN and WV
Detroit, MI
Contact: Todd Danielson
Phone: (248) 333-0500
States: IN, MI and OH
Denver, CO
Contact: Doug Sleight
Phone: (303) 755-05775
States: Colorado and New Mexico
Fresno, CA
Contact: Jerry Randolph
Phone: (559) 227-3535
States: California
Greensboro, NC
Contact: Don Oxidine
Phone: (336) 852-7882
States: FL, GA, MD, NC, SC, TN, VA and WV
Philadelphia, PA
Contact: Bob Dois
Phone: (619) 891-7171
States: Pennsylvania
Portland, ME
Contact: Pat Martin
Phone: (207) 774-3857
States: CT, ME, NH, NY, RI and VT
Richmond, VA
Contact: Judy Stevens
Phone: (804) 968-5415
States: GA, MD, NC, SC and VA
Salt Lake City, UT
Contact: Keith Kerby
Phone: (801) 266-5199
States: AZ, NV and UT
St. Louis, MO
Contact: Mary McKay
Phone (314) 231-9470
States: AR, IL and MO
Transport Specialties, Inc.
4400 Harding Rd., Ste. 400
Nashville, TN 37205
Contact: Steve DeBell
Phone: (800) 869-0852
Fax: (615) 298-4700
E-mail: transpectn@aol.com
An MGA/wholesale broker operating in most states offering limits of $1 million on bobtail (non-trucking liability). Physical damage and occupational accident are available. Target markets include trucking companies with 15 or more independent owner-operators under lease. RLI, an A rated carrier, is utilized for bobtail and physical damage; various markets are used for occupational accident.
Transportation Coverage Specialist, Inc.
17 State St., 17th Floor
New York, NY 10004
Contact: Robert Fiore, V.P. Underwriting
Phone: (212) 742-0300
Fax: (212) 742-1413
E-mail: robertfiore@worldnet.att.net
Web site: www.transcovspec.com
An MGA operating in all states except LA, TX and MA, offering limits of $1 million on primary and up to $10 million on excess umbrella. Target markets include dry vans, general dry freight, and refrigerated & intermodel carriers. Flatbeds, bulk commodities, and hazmat are not written. Bobtail/dead heading, motor truck cargo, and workers compensation are available. Carriers include The Hanover Company/Citizens Insurance Company of America and Allmerica Property & Casualty Company, both A rated.
United Brokers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1243
New Albany, IN 47151
Contact: Amy Zettel or Kelli Crone
Phone: (800) 444-4824
Fax: (812) 945-2770
E-mail: amy2@ubinc.com
An MGA operating in GA, KY, IN, MO, OH, TN, and offering limits of up to $5 million on primary and $500,000 on motor truck cargo. Hazmat/waste program, and workers compensation is also available. Loggers and coal haulers are not written. Carriers are Trumbull, and Gulf Insurance Group, both A rated.
Van American Insurance Agency of AL., Inc., d.b.a. SMIS
2 Riverchase Office Plaza, Ste. 208
Birmingham, AL 35244
Contact: Mary Hanline
Phone: (800) 755-7647
Fax: (205) 403-0761
E-mail: mhanline@vanamerican.com
Web site: www.vanamerican.com
An MGA operating in AL, GA and TN, offering limits of $2 million on primary and $1 million on motor truck cargo. Bobtail, and trailer transfer are available. Target markets include local, intermediate, and long-haul. Carriers are Interstate, A+, and Occidental, B+.
W.A. Schickendanz Agency
P.O. Box 445
Belleville, IL 62222
Contact: Steve Miller or Jack Miller
Phone: (800) 869-9976
Fax: (618) 0672
E-mail: wasagy@icss.net
An MGA operating in Illinois and Missouri, offering limits of $1 million on primary and up to $10 million on excess. Non-trucking, motor truck cargo, and truckers workers compensation are available; hazmat is not considered. Carriers include Guaranty National, Acceptance, Great Divide, Empire Fire & Marine, Carolina Casualty, and Lloyd's, all A rated or above. *
©COPYRIGHT: The Rough Notes Magazine, 1999